Section 111A of the Income Tax Act governs the taxation of short-term capital gains (STCG) arising from the sale of specific securities in India. This provision applies a concessional tax rate to certain short-term gains, providing a favorable treatment for investors in equities and equity-related securities. By offering a reduced tax rate on STCG, Section 111A aims to promote investment in listed equities and equity-oriented mutual funds, stimulating growth in the securities market.
What is Short-Term Capital Gain Tax under Section 111A?
Section 111A is applicable in the case of STCG derived from the following securities if certain conditions are fulfilled:
- Equity shares
- Units of equity-oriented mutual funds
- Units of business trust
Conditions to be met to get the benefit of Section 111A:
- The securities should be transferred through a recognized stock exchange
- The Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is paid at the time of the sale of securities
Additionally, section 111A covers the following transaction even if STT is not paid on it:
- STCG on the sale of equity shares, equity mutual funds, or units of business trust listed on a recognized stock exchange in an International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) and the consideration is paid or payable in foreign currency.
If the above conditions are fulfilled, the STCG will be taxable at the special rate of 20% as per section 111A.
Budget 2024 amendment: In the union budget 2024, the tax rates were revised for STCG under 111A and increased to 20% from 15%. This rate will be applicable on the sale of securities on or after 23rd July 2024.
However, STCG realized that the sale of unlisted shares and securities, debt mutual funds, bonds, debentures, immovable property, motor vehicles, jewelry, etc are taxable at slab rates and not as per special rate u/s 111A.
Calculation of tax on STCG u/s 111A
Short-term capital gain can be calculated as follows:
| Particulars | Amount |
| Full value of consideration | xxx |
| Less: Expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for such transfer | (xxx) |
| Net sale consideration | xxx |
| Less: Cost of acquisition | (xxx) |
| Less: Cost of improvment | (xxx) |
| Short term capital gain | xxx |
Note: As per income tax rules, STT paid on transfer can not be claimed as an expense.
Let us understand the tax calculation by taking an example:
Mr. Akash, a resident of India, bought 10,000 equity shares of Reliance Industries Limited in December 2023 at INR 100 per share. He sold the shares in August 2024 at INR 135 per share through BSE. He paid brokerage of INR 1 per share and STT of INR 1500. Further, he also earns a salary income of INR 8,40,000.
Here, he sold the equity shares within 12 months hence it will be considered as a Short Term Capital Gain. Since it was a listed equity share with STT paid, STCG is taxable at 20% under Section 111A. Hence, in this case, the calculation of short-term capital gain tax will be as follows:
| Particulars | Amount (INR) |
| Sales consideration (10,000 * 135) | 13,50,000 |
| Less: Transfer expense (10,000 * 1) | (10,000) |
| Net sale consideration | 13,40,000 |
| Less: Cost of Acquisition (10,000 * 100) | (10,00,000) |
| Short Term Capital Gains | 3,40,000 |
| Short term capital gain tax u/s 111A (3,40,000 * 20%) | 68,000 |
Adjustment of STCG u/s 111A against Basic Exemption Limit
The Resident taxpayers can avail the benefit of adjusting the special rate income against the basic exemption limit to reduce taxes. Thus, if the total taxable income is less than the basic exemption limit, it can be adjusted to special rate income such as STCG u/s 111A, LTCG u/s 112A, etc. against the shortfall in basic exemption limit and pay tax on the remaining income only.
For example, if Mr. Akash a resident Indian has only income from capital gains and no other income. In this case, the calculation of tax liability would be in the following manner:
Since Mr. Akash is a resident and the basic exemption limit is not utilized, he can take the benefit of adjusting the special rate income against the basic exemption limit.
Hence, taxable STCG = 3,40,000 – 2,50,000 = INR 90,000.
Tax Liability = 90,000 * 20% = INR 18,000.
Reporting in ITR
The ITR Form under which the taxpayer needs to report income from capital gains includes ITR-2 and ITR-3. Taxpayers must report income from capital gains in A2 of Schedule CG of the ITR. The taxpayer needs to report the following details:
Once the details are entered, the Short Term Capital Gain i.e. STCG on shares is automatically computed.
Set Off & Carry Forward losses
A taxpayer can set off STCL from one capital asset against STCG and LTCG from another capital asset. Further, they can carry forward the remaining loss for 8 years and set off against future STCG and LTCG.
FAQs
No, the non-resident Indian (NRI) will not be eligible to get the benefit of the basic exemption limit for STCG under section 111A.
The Income Tax Act does not allow claiming deduction from Section 80C to 80U against STCG taxable under Section 111A. However, the taxpayer can claim Chapter VI-A deductions on STCG other than those taxable under Section 111A.
Yes, the taxes at the rate of 20% as per section 111A of the Income Tax Act will apply to the STCG from sales of shares through recognized stock exchange i.e. STT paid.
Section 111A specifically deals with the short-term capital gains from the sales of listed equity shares and equity-oriented mutual funds. Whereas, section 112A deals with the long-term capital gains on listed securities including equity shares and equity-oriented mutual funds.
Hi @FalconZex
On business income of 2 lakhs INR: 5%
On STCG of 2 lakhs INR: 15%
You can also refer to our Income Tax Calculator
I have income Short Term and Long term Capital gains and “Income from other sources” (Bank interest and Dividend). Also, I have investments in 80C, 80D, 80CCD.
Are the investments in 80C, 80D, 80CCD considered for tax deduction?
For example if income from other source is 1 lac and 80C investment is 1lac, will this 1 lac be exempt?
STCG is 3.5lac, so 15% will be applicable on 1 lac. as 2.5 lacs is exempt.
so i pay tax only 15% of 1 lac which is Rs.15000.
please assist
Hey @Yasmin_Menon
Your are absolutely correct.
Deductions, if any, will be reduced from your Income taxable at slab rates.
The un-exhausted part of the basic exemption limit of 2.5 lakhs will be reduced from you Capital Gains.
So, in the above case you’ll have to pay 15% tax on 1 lakh.
However, if your taxable income after deductions is upto 5 lakhs, you’re eligible for rebate (12.5k) under section 87A.
Hope this helps.
Just to reconfirm,
income from other source (FD Interest and dividend) is 1 lac and 80C investment is 1lac, will this 1 lac be exempt and will not be calculated under taxable income?
Yes, this 1 lac will not be taxable after deductions.
Hey @Yasmin_Menon
Deductions under Chapter VI-A can be claimed against taxable incomes. Based on your data, here is a calculation:
Gross Total Income = 1 lac (IFOS) + 3.5 lac (STCG) = 4.5 lac
Deduction 80C = 1 lac
Total Income = 3.5 lac
Special Rate Income = 3.5 lac
Adjusted against basic exemption limit = 2.5 lac
Taxable Special Rate Income (STCG) = 1 lac
Tax on STCG = 15% of 1 lac = 15,000
Rebate u/s 87A = 12,500
Net Tax Liability = 2,500
Cess = 4% of 2,500 = 100
Total Tax Liability = 2,600
Hey @click2vikash
Here’s how you’ll be taxed under the Old Regime:
Total Income = 11 lacs
Income Taxable at Slab rates = 10 lacs
Income Taxable at Specified rates = 1 lakh
Tax on Slab Rate Income = 1,12,500
Tax on STCG = 15,000
Total Income Tax = 1,27,500
HEC = 5100
Total Tax Liability = 1,32,600
Hope this helps
I bought shares worth INR 70,000 in 2017 which are now worth around INR 1,80,000. It is long term capital gains, how much tax do I have to pay?
To differentiate capital gains into long term and short term the period is 36 months and 12 months - which one to consider?
Hey @Tanmay_mehta,
In Budget 2018, the grandfathering rule was announced u/s 112A which implies that - long term capital gains above INR 1 Lakh will be taxed at 10% after 1st Feb 2018.
Therefore to calculate LTCG:
Any tax on LTCG will be 10% above INR 1 Lakh
Hope this helps!
Refer to our learn article on LTCG on sale of Equity Shares and Equity Mutual funds